The four foundations of mindfulness (or frames of reference) play a central role in Buddhist meditation, particularly in the Burmese vipassanā tradition. They are roughly translated as follows:

1. Kayanupassana: contemplation of the body
2. Vedananupassana: contemplation of feeling
3. Cittanupassana: contemplation of consciousness/mind
4. Dhammanupassana: contemplation of mental objects/qualities

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